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''Tana Mana'' is an album by Indian musician Ravi Shankar, originally credited to "the Ravi Shankar Project" and released in 1987. The album is an experimental work by Shankar, mixing traditional instrumentation with 1980s electronic music and sampling technology. Shankar recorded much of ''Tana Mana'' in 1983 with sound effects innovator Frank Serafine, but it remained unreleased until Peter Baumann, head of new age record label Private Music, became attached to the project. The album title translates to mean "body and mind". In addition to his familiar instrument, the sitar, Shankar plays synthesizer extensively on the recording. The album also includes contributions from Lakshmi Shankar, Aashish Khan and Kumar Bose, and Western musicians such as George Harrison, Al Kooper and Ray Cooper. ==Background and recording== In his 1997 autobiography, ''Raga Mala'', Ravi Shankar writes that he started work on ''Tana Mana'' in 1983 at the home studio of Frank Serafine, a sound effects designer for Hollywood films such as ''Tron'' (1982).〔Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 248.〕 The album began as an experiment by Shankar with the innovative sampling technology that Serafine had assembled at his studio〔 – Serafine FX in Venice, western Los Angeles.〔Album booklet, ''Ravi Shankar: In Celebration'' box set (Angel/Dark Horse, 1996; produced by George Harrison & Alan Kozlowski).〕 Shankar recalls recording "two or three pieces" on synthesizer before having to depart for India.〔 On his return to Los Angeles, he overdubbed contributions from regular accompanists such as his son Shubho and sister-in-law Lakshmi Shankar (on sitar and vocals, respectively), and from sarodya Aashish Khan and tabla player Swapan Chaudhuri.〔Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 248, 261.〕 Up to five new pieces were also recorded at this time, according to Shankar.〔 In a 2011 interview with tablist Tanmoy Bose, who suggested that the album was "much ahead of its time", Shankar said: "''Tana Mana'' was () like a child experimenting in a new sphere. That was a time of electronic keyboards, you could get different sounds, it was all very new."〔Tanmoy Bose, ("His Master's Voice" ), ''The Telegraph'' (Calcutta), 26 July 2011 (retrieved 28 August 2015).〕 The experimental nature of the project impressed Shankar's circle of friends in California, he writes in ''Raga Mala'', but confused record companies, who were unable to attribute the music to a recognised genre.〔 The recordings were "left sitting there waiting for someone to show more interest", Shankar recalls, until the involvement of German composer Peter Baumann,〔Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 248, 249.〕 who had formed a label specialising in experimental music, Private Music, in 1984.〔Jason Ankeny, ("Peter Baumann" ), AllMusic (retrieved 27 December 2013).〕 According to the credits listed in Shankar's 1996 box set ''In Celebration'', further recording for what became ''Tana Mana'' took place during 1986.〔 One of the additional tracks was "Friar Park", featuring Shankar's friend and sometime collaborator George Harrison.〔Clayson, p. 397.〕 Named after Harrison's estate in Oxfordshire, west of London,〔Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 249.〕 the song was based on Raga Charukeshi and features Shankar playing both standard and bass sitars〔 (the latter known as the surbahar).〔''World Music: The Rough Guide'', p. 72.〕 Shankar and Harrison taped the track at FPSHOT,〔 Harrison's home studio, accompanied by Ray Cooper on marimba and Markandeya Mishra, a local tabla player.〔 Another 1986 recording was "West Eats Meat", its title suggested by Serafine as a pun on Shankar's earlier cross-cultural projects, such as West Meets East,〔 his trilogy of albums with classical violinist Yehudi Menuhin.〔Lavezzoli, p. 63.〕〔Reginald Massey, ("Ravi Shankar obituary" ), ''The Guardian'', 12 December 2012 (retrieved 27 December 2013).〕 Shankar describes the session for "West Eats Meat" as the first time he ever played sitar with a jazz bassist – in this instance, Patrick O'Hearn.〔 Produced by Baumann at The Enterprise in Burbank, California,〔Album credits, ''Tana Mana'' CD (Private Music, 1987; produced by Ravi Shankar, Frank Serafine & Peter Baumann).〕 the session included contributions from Lakshmi, Khan and former Shankar student〔Lavezzoli, pp. 294, 323, 425.〕 Harihar Rao (on percussion), and tabla player Kumar Bose.〔 Like Chaudhuri, Bose had become one of Shankar's preferred accompanists on tabla,〔Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 246–47.〕 following the end of the sitarist's 33-year partnership with Alla Rakha in 1985.〔Lavezzoli, pp. 105, 106–07.〕 Other Western musicians who contributed to the album include Al Kooper, on electric guitar, and Ric Parnell, playing electronic drums.〔 In both his autobiography and the comments included with ''In Celebration'', Shankar refers to ''Tana Mana'' as having been an enjoyable album to make.〔〔 The title track was "one of my favourite numbers", he writes – a musical tribute to his mother,〔Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 248–49.〕 who died in 1936 while Shankar was in Paris with his brother Uday's dance company.〔Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', pp. 80, 82.〕〔Lavezzoli, pp. 50, 51.〕 In his 1995 comments on "Tana Mana", Shankar writes: "I lost my sweet mother at an early age, but I clearly remember her singing to me. I dedicate this song to her beautiful spirit."〔 The title translates to mean "body and mind".〔 Another track, "Memory of Uday", is dedicated to Uday Shankar, who died in Calcutta in 1977.〔Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 232.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tana Mana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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